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Linux Networking Protocols: Understanding TCP/IP, UDP, and ICMP

3 months 1 week ago
by George Whittaker Introduction

In the world of Linux networking, protocols play a crucial role in enabling seamless communication between devices. Whether you're browsing the internet, streaming videos, or troubleshooting network issues, underlying networking protocols such as TCP/IP, UDP, and ICMP are responsible for the smooth transmission of data packets. Understanding these protocols is essential for system administrators, network engineers, and even software developers working with networked applications.

This article provides an exploration of the key Linux networking protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol), and ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol). We will examine their working principles, advantages, differences, and practical use cases in Linux environments.

The TCP/IP Model: The Foundation of Modern Networking What is the TCP/IP Model?

The TCP/IP model (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) serves as the backbone of modern networking, defining how data is transmitted across interconnected networks. It consists of four layers:

  • Application Layer: Handles high-level protocols like HTTP, FTP, SSH, and DNS.

  • Transport Layer: Ensures reliable or fast data delivery via TCP or UDP.

  • Internet Layer: Manages addressing and routing with IP and ICMP.

  • Network Access Layer: Deals with physical transmission methods such as Ethernet and Wi-Fi.

The TCP/IP model is simpler than the traditional OSI model but still retains the fundamental networking concepts necessary for communication.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Ensuring Reliable Data Transfer What is TCP?

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that ensures data is delivered accurately and in order. It is widely used in scenarios where reliability is crucial, such as web browsing, email, and file transfers.

Key Features of TCP:
  • Reliable Transmission: Uses acknowledgments (ACKs) and retransmissions to ensure data integrity.

  • Connection-Oriented: Establishes a dedicated connection before data transmission.

  • Ordered Delivery: Maintains the correct sequence of data packets.

  • Error Checking: Uses checksums to detect transmission errors.

How TCP Works:
  1. Connection Establishment – The Three-Way Handshake:

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George Whittaker

EU Pledges $200 Billion in AI Spending in Bid To Catch Up With US, China

3 months 1 week ago
The European Union pledged to mobilize 200 billion euros ($206.15 billion) to invest in AI as the bloc seeks to catch up with the U.S. and China in the race to train the most complex models. From a report: European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said that the bloc wants to supercharge its ability to compete with the U.S. and China in AI. The plan -- dubbed InvestAI -- includes a new 20 billion-euro fund for so-called AI gigafactories, facilities that rely on powerful chips to train the most complex AI models. "We want Europe to be one of the leading AI continents, and this means embracing a life where AI is everywhere," von der Leyen said at the AI Action Summit in Paris. The announcement underscores efforts from the EU to position itself as a key player in the AI race. The bloc has been lagging behind the U.S. and China since OpenAI's 2022 release of ChatGPT ushered in a spending bonanza. [...] The EU is aiming to establish gigafactories to train the most complex and large AI models. Those facilities will be equipped with roughly 100,000 last-generation AI chips, around four times more than the number installed in the AI factories being set up right now.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

msmash

Does DOGE have what it takes to actually tackle billions in US govt IT spending?

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Tesla’s DIY ERP legend meets the messy reality of entrenched federal contracts

Comment (updated)  Tesla reportedly decided not to upgrade its SAP's enterprise software a decade ago, opting to build its own system instead. Now, with Elon Musk heading up the Trump-blessed US Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), his cost-cutting mindset could have major implications for federal IT spending - and the big tech vendors cashing in on government contracts.…

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