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Gravitational Waves Finally Prove Stephen Hawking's Black Hole Theorem

2 months ago
Physicists have confirmed Stephen Hawking's 1971 black hole area theorem with near-absolute certainty, thanks to gravitational waves from an exceptionally loud black hole collision detected by upgraded LIGO instruments. New Scientist reports: Hawking proposed his black hole area theorem in 1971, which states that when two black holes merge, the resulting black hole's event horizon -- the boundary beyond which not even light can escape the clutches of a black hole -- cannot have an area smaller than the sum of the two original black holes. The theorem echoes the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy, or disorder within an object, never decreases. Black hole mergers warp the fabric of the universe, producing tiny fluctuations in space-time known as gravitational waves, which cross the universe at the speed of light. Five gravitational wave observatories on Earth hunt for waves 10,000 times smaller than the nucleus of an atom. They include the two US-based detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) plus the Virgo detector in Italy, KAGRA in Japan and GEO600 in Germany, operated by an international collaboration known as LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK). The recent collision, named GW250114, was almost identical to the one that created the first gravitational waves ever observed in 2015. Both involved black holes with masses between 30 and 40 times the mass of our sun and took place about 1.3 billion light years away. This time, the upgraded LIGO detectors had three times the sensitivity they had in 2015, so they were able to capture waves emanating from the collision in unprecedented detail. This allowed researchers to verify Hawking's theorem by calculating that the area of the event horizon was indeed larger after the merger. The findings have been published in the journal Physical Review Letters.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

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Error'd: Free Birds

2 months ago

"These results are incomprensible," Brian wrote testily. "The developers at SkillCertPro must use math derived from an entirely different universe than ours. I can boast a world record number of answered questions in one hour and fifteen minutes somewhere."

 

"How I Reached Inbox -1," Maia titled her Tickity Tock. "Apparently I've read my messages so thoroughly that my email client (Mailspring) time traveled into the future and read a message before it was even sent."

 

... which taught Jason how to use Mailspring to order timely tunes. "Apparently, someone invented a time machine and is able to send us vinyls from the future..."

 

"Yes, we have no bananas," sang out Peter G. , rapping "... or email addresses or phone numbers, but we're going to block your post just the same (and this is better than the previous result of "Whoops something went wrong", because you'd never be able to tell something had gone wrong without that helpful message)."

 

Finally, our favorite cardsharp Adam R. might have unsharp eyes but sharp browser skills. "While reading an online bridge magazine, I tried to zoom out a bit but was dismayed to find I couldn't zoom out. Once it zooms in to NaN%, you're stuck there."

 

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Lyle Seaman