Chelmsford evacuation live updates as 'suspicious item' found in home
A 100 metre cordon was in place
How Erika Kirk let down scores of dolled up tradwives-in-training who flocked to Turning Point's three-day summit on how to snag a husband
Becoming a tradwife is tougher than it looks.
World Cup referee who was kicked out of America - after being flagged for TERRORISM fears according to Trump officials - gets hero's welcome back in Somalia
The Somalian referee acclaimed as the 'best in Africa' - who was kicked out of the US ahead of the World Cup - was given a hero's welcome in his homeland.
Scooby Doo NOT get a Great Dane: Vets raise concerns new trailer featuring a real puppy will lead to a surge in desire for the huge breed that's prone to health risks
A teaser clip for the new live-action Scooby-Doo: Origins series has sent fans into a frenzy. But vets have raised concerns that the new series will lead to a surge in demand for Great Danes.
POLL OF THE DAY: Should passport checks be conducted between Northern Ireland and the Republic?
New questions are being raised over the 'backdoor to Britain' following the horrific Belfast knife attack which left a man in his 40s in a critical condition.
Coronation Street's Jack P Shepherd shows off the results of his THIRD hair transplant as he leaves co-star shocked by unveiling a shaved head
Coronation Street star Jack P Shepherd has showed off the results of his third hair transplant, leaving his co-star stunned as he revealed his shaved head.
'Avoid area' warning as QEII Bridge closed amid concerns for welfare
POLICE are urging drivers to avoid the area amid the closure of the QEII Bridge at the Dartford Crossing.
Princess Beatrice's showstopping strapless dress is perfect for glamorous events - and we've found the best high street lookalikes
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Number of savers facing a £5,000-plus tax bill on interest triples in four years - will YOU be caught out?
The number of savers facing £5,000 or more income tax on their savings interest will rise 144,000 people in the 2026/27 financial year.
Dr Ranj Singh's ex-wife Sulvinder Samra reflects on the emotional aftermath of their divorce after he came out as gay as she admits 'it was hurtful and she worried about judgement from others'
Sulvinder Samra, ex-wife of TV doctor Dr Ranj Singh has reflected on the emotional aftermath of their divorce after he came out as gay.
Is your child a 'pizza lover' or a 'traybake enthusiast'? Scientists say children who eat school lunches fall into five distinct groups - and only 2% have a healthy diet
Children who eat school lunches fall into five distinct groups - and only two per cent are healthy, according to a new study.
Bereaved families who can't sell their retirement flats - even after they cut prices from £200,000 to just £35,000
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Small businesses slam plans to force them to file accounts with Companies House
Small firms have hit back at new proposals that will force them to file accounts with Companies House, claiming it adds to the already heavy burden of doing business in Britain.
I tried everything to banish my saggy 'mum tum' and spent 20 years dieting and hiding under baggy clothes. Nothing worked... until I discovered this solution. Now I can wear bikinis again - and it's boosted my sex life
Despite having an otherwise toned body, I'd been left with something that plagues so many women after pregnancy - a 'mum tum', with loose skin and a separation in my abdominal muscles...
My £35,000 ketamine addiction left me incontinent at just 23 - now I need Botox injections in my bladder just to live a normal life
Ellie Wight, 23, a sales assistant from Aberdeenshire, is warning others about the reality of using the so-called 'party drug'.
Doctor Who Christmas special episode is AXED as BBC put show out to tender to 'invest in its long-term future' as Russell T Davies insists 'there was never a script and no actors were approached to take on the role'
The Doctor Who Christmas special episode has been axed as the BBC the put show out to competitive tender to 'invest in its long-term future'.
Ivanti tells Sentry customers to patch now as critical bugs hit 10.0 and 9.9
Remote, unauthenticated RCE with root privileges is about as bad as it gets
Gwyneth Paltrow sparks wave of criticism - and praise - for starring in new campaign for luxury Israeli housing development
Gwyneth Paltrow has sparked a wave of both criticism and praise after starring in a new campaign for a luxury residential development in Israel.
Map shows all the sightings of 'toxic' caterpillars in Essex amid warning
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Commonwealth Fusion Makes the Physics Case For Its 400 MW Reactor
Commonwealth Fusion has published five peer-reviewed papers laying out the physics case for ARC, its planned 400 MW fusion power plant, which would follow the company's smaller SPARC tokamak now under construction. The papers suggest ARC could produce more energy than it consumes using high-temperature superconducting magnets, molten-salt heat extraction, and 15-minute fusion pulses. Ars Technica reports: ARC will be a tokamak that hosts fusion between hydrogen's two heavier isotopes, deuterium and tritium. This reaction results in a helium nucleus and releases a neutron and radiation. The helium transfers heat to the plasma, maintaining the conditions needed for fusion, but it is otherwise a waste product, referred to as "ash" in the fusion context. The neutron and radiation, however, are put to use. Part of that use is simply imparting energy into a blanket of molten salt that surrounds the fusion chamber. That energy, in the form of heat, will be used to drive a turbine that produces the electricity. The molten salt includes lithium ions; when one lithium isotope absorbs a neutron, it decays into more helium, plus tritium that can be used as fuel for the reactor. There are isotopes present that will also release additional neutrons, allowing this process to generate sufficient fuel.
Overall, the present design of ARC is expected to produce about 1.13 GW of fusion power, with 500 MW of that extracted as electricity. Some of that (100 MW) will be needed to power the plant's operations, leaving 400 MW to be sent to the grid. The rest of the energy is either kept in the tokamak to maintain the fusion reactions or lost due to inefficiencies in the heat and energy transfer of the system. There's a lot of uncertainty about these numbers; the 1.13 GW is just the center of a range of potential values running from 900 MW to 1.3 GW, so the 400 MW output may need to be adjusted up or down accordingly.
Some of that 400 MW comes during periods where fusion is not occurring. The nuclear reactions will occur within 15-minute-long periods that will be interspersed with one minute resets. The resets are meant to be kept short enough that nothing has much of a chance to cool down before it gets heated up again -- thermal inertia will let it continue generating power. That will be one of the key differentiators with SPARC, which doesn't have the heat extraction needed to maintain stable fusion for these long time periods, and so can't maintain the near constant temperatures needed for reliable power generation.
It's inevitable that parts of the device will be exposed to radiation and perhaps fusion plasma. The inner walls of the reactor will be shielded by tungsten, which will limit erosion by the conditions. Meanwhile, the vacuum vessel is designed to be replaced every one to two years. The papers note that this flexibility will allow them to make some design changes even after ARC is built. To enable this, the whole tokamak is meant to split in half for maintenance.
Read more of this story at Slashdot.