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Earth is Trapping Much More Heat Than Climate Models Forecast

2 months 2 weeks ago
What happens if you track how much heat enters Earth's atmosphere and how much heat leaves? You discover that Earth's energy budget "is now well and truly out of balance," three climate researchers write at The Conversation: Our recent research found this imbalance has more than doubled over the last 20 years. Other researchers have come to the same conclusions. This imbalance is now substantially more than climate models have suggested... These findings suggest climate change might well accelerate in the coming years... [T]he burning of coal, oil and gas has now added more than two trillion tonnes of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. These trap more and more heat, preventing it from leaving. Some of this extra heat is warming the land or melting sea ice, glaciers and ice sheets. But this is a tiny fraction. Fully 90% has gone into the oceans due to their huge heat capacity... The doubling of the energy imbalance has come as a shock, because the sophisticated climate models we use largely didn't predict such a large and rapid change. Typically, the models forecast less than half of the change we're seeing in the real world. We don't yet have a full explanation. But new research suggests changes in clouds is a big factor. Clouds have a cooling effect overall. But the area covered by highly reflective white clouds has shrunk, while the area of jumbled, less reflective clouds has grown. While we don't know why the cloud are changing, it "might be part of a trend caused by global warming itself, that is, a positive feedback on climate change. These findings suggest recent extremely hot years are not one-offs but may reflect a strengthening of warming over the coming decade or longer...." "We've known the solution for a long time: stop the routine burning of fossil fuels and phase out human activities causing emissions such as deforestation."

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EditorDavid

For the Free Software Foundation's Summer Fundraiser, the 'GNU Press Shop' is Open

2 months 2 weeks ago
The Free Software Foundation is a non-profit — and they're having some fun with it. They've just announced a summer fundraiser, "and that means the GNU Press Shop is open!" From now until July 28, you can buy your FSF gear at the GNU Press shop. First and foremost, there's the launch of the FSF's fortieth anniversary shirt in a summery yellow. We're taking orders for a limited time for these (until July 28), and then printing them — you should have yours on your shoulders a few weeks after the shop closes. We've also restocked some favorites in the shop: - A fresh batch of the popular Ada & Zangemann: A Tale of Software, Skateboards, and Raspberry Ice Cream book by Matthias Kirschner from the Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE). This tale of software, skateboards, and raspberry ice cream teaches kids how neat and exciting it is having control over your software, a perfect fun summer read! - Reading is hard in the glaring sun, so shade your eyes with a freshly restocked GNU baseball cap in pitch black with brilliant gold embroidery. These are great for wearing anywhere, especially to free software events. - For privacy, protect yourself from surveillance with ease and panache with this slick webcam guard. We also hope you'll consider becoming an FSF associate member, putting yourself at the heart of our commitment to ensuring a world where all software respects our freedom and dignity. Plus, you'll help us reach our summer fundraising goal of 200 new associate members before July 11, and of course you'll also receive a 20% discount at the GNU Press Shop. A note about shipping: the GNU Press shop opens periodically, and we collect all orders during this time and schedule orders to be sent out on specific shipping dates with the help of volunteers. We will be doing the shipping at the end of the FSF's fundraiser, which means there will be a delay between placing your order and receiving it... If you happen to be in the Boston area in July, and would like to support the FSF's work, we are looking for volunteers to help pack and ship our orders. Also on sale are the book "Free as in Freedom 2.0" (Richard Stallman's 2010 revision of the 2002 biography by Sam Williams with extensive additional commentary) and "Free Software Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman" (the 3rd edition published in 2015). And there's also several other books, t-shirts, other FSF-branded gear, and even a sticker that warns people "There is no cloud... just other people's computers."

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EditorDavid

New NSA/CISA Report Again Urges the Use of Memory-Safe Programming Language

2 months 2 weeks ago
An anonymous reader shared this report from the tech news site The Register: The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the National Security Agency (NSA) this week published guidance urging software developers to adopt memory-safe programming languages. "The importance of memory safety cannot be overstated," the inter-agency report says... The CISA/NSA report revisits the rationale for greater memory safety and the government's calls to adopt memory-safe languages (MSLs) while also acknowledging the reality that not every agency can change horses mid-stream. "A balanced approach acknowledges that MSLs are not a panacea and that transitioning involves significant challenges, particularly for organizations with large existing codebases or mission-critical systems," the report says. "However, several benefits, such as increased reliability, reduced attack surface, and decreased long-term costs, make a strong case for MSL adoption." The report cites how Google by 2024 managed to reduce memory safety vulnerabilities in Android to 24 percent of the total. It goes on to provide an overview of the various benefits of adopting MSLs and discusses adoption challenges. And it urges the tech industry to promote memory safety by, for example, advertising jobs that require MSL expertise. It also cites various government projects to accelerate the transition to MSLs, such as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Translating All C to Rust (TRACTOR) program, which aspires to develop an automated method to translate C code to Rust. A recent effort along these lines, dubbed Omniglot, has been proposed by researchers at Princeton, UC Berkeley, and UC San Diego. It provides a safe way for unsafe libraries to communicate with Rust code through a Foreign Function Interface.... "Memory vulnerabilities pose serious risks to national security and critical infrastructure," the report concludes. "MSLs offer the most comprehensive mitigation against this pervasive and dangerous class of vulnerability." "Adopting memory-safe languages can accelerate modern software development and enhance security by eliminating these vulnerabilities at their root," the report concludes, calling the idea "an investment in a secure software future." "By defining memory safety roadmaps and leading the adoption of best practices, organizations can significantly improve software resilience and help ensure a safer digital landscape."

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EditorDavid