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Americans Kiss Job Hopping Goodbye

3 months 1 week ago
Americans quit 39.6 million jobs in 2024, an 11% drop from 2023 and 22% below the 2022 peak, Labor Department data showed Tuesday, signaling an end to the post-pandemic job-switching frenzy. The monthly quit rate fell below pre-pandemic levels as workers faced diminishing options in a cooling labor market. Available positions per unemployed worker dropped to 1.1 from 2 in March 2022, while hiring declined to a monthly average of 3.5% in 2024 from 4.4% in 2021. Total hiring fell to 66 million in 2024 from 71 million in 2023, though the job market remained stable. The unemployment rate held at 4.1%, with economists expecting steady job growth in Friday's upcoming labor report. The Conference Board's latest survey showed fewer respondents viewing jobs as plentiful compared to the early 2020s, with more reporting difficulties finding work.

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Enhancing System Security and Efficiency through User and Group Management

3 months 1 week ago
by George Whittaker Introduction

Linux, a powerhouse in the world of operating systems, is renowned for its robustness, security, and scalability. Central to these strengths is the effective management of users and groups, which ensures secure and efficient access to system resources. This guide delves into the intricacies of user and group management, providing a foundation for both newcomers and seasoned administrators to enhance their Linux system administration skills.

Understanding Users in Linux

In Linux, a user is anyone who interacts with the operating system, be it a human or a software agent. Users can be categorized into three types:

  1. Root User: Also known as the superuser, the root user has unfettered access to the system. This account can modify any file, run privileged commands, and has administrative rights over other user accounts.

  2. System Users: These accounts are created to run specific services such as web servers or database systems. Typically, these users do not have login capabilities and are used to segregate duties for security purposes.

  3. Regular Users: These are the typical accounts created for actual people using the system. They have more limited privileges compared to the root user, which can be adjusted through group memberships or permission changes.

Each user is uniquely identified by a User ID (UID). The UID for the root user is always 0, while UIDs for other users usually start from 1000 upwards by default.

Understanding Groups in Linux

A group in Linux is a collection of users who share certain privileges and access rights. Groups make it easier to manage permissions for a collection of users, rather than having to assign permissions individually.

  • Primary Group: When a user is created, they are automatically assigned a primary group. This group is typically named after the username and is used for setting the default permissions when the user creates new files or directories.
  • Secondary Groups: Users can be added to additional groups, allowing them more granular access to resources.

Groups are identified by a Group ID (GID), similar to how users are identified by UIDs.

User and Group Management Tools

Linux offers a suite of command-line tools for managing users and groups:

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George Whittaker